An\u00a0<\/span>organ<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. For the most part, organs are squishy and soft. There are seven vital organs in your body that you cannot live without The brain, the heart, two lungs, the liver and two kidneys.<\/span><\/p>\n Tissue<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is a group of cells of a particular kind that have a similar structure and function together as a unit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n There are four main tissue types in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each tissue is for specific functions.<\/span><\/p>\n The\u00a0<\/span>cell\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>is the basic unit of life. Cells are so small that you cannot see without a microscope. They exist in all living things (plants, animals, germs). Some organisms have a single cell, like bacteria, while others have trillions of cells, like the human body.<\/span><\/p>\n Let’s explore more about the cells!<\/span><\/p>\n Cells are like tiny water balloons; each one is a soft sac filled with liquid. These balloons combined, become solid and squishy – just like your body!<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Cells come in many shapes and sizes. Some cells hold a cell wall, while others have slimy coats or elongated structures that push and pull them through their environment. Some cells have a thick layer surrounding them. This layer is called the capsule and exists in bacteria.<\/span><\/p>\n All cells have three things in common, no matter what type they are:<\/span><\/p>\n Cells types are two types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic:<\/span><\/p>\n Several Organelles or “little organs” make up the cells. They are the specialized part of the cell that has a unique job to perform.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Nucleus:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>The nucleus controls center of the cell. It contains the genetic materials (DNA) of the cell. It dictates what the cell is doing today and how it is going to do it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n DNA<\/span><\/strong>(Deoxyribonucleic Acid): The DNA contains all the information for cells to live, perform their functions and reproduce.<\/span><\/p>\n Chromatin<\/span><\/strong>: chromatin is a tangled spread out of the DNA. It is found inside the nuclear membrane when a cell is ready to divide its DNA into structures known as chromosomes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Nucleolus:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Inside the nucleus exists the nucleolus. The nucleolus makes\u00a0<\/span>ribosomes<\/span><\/strong>. After the ribosomes leave the nucleus, they will make proteins. The circles on the surface of the nucleus are the\u00a0<\/span>nuclear pores<\/span><\/strong>. These are where ribosomes and other materials move in and out of the nucleus.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Cytoplasm<\/span><\/strong>: All organelles inside the cell float in the cytoplasm. The ribosomes may wander freely within the cytoplasm or, they may attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.<\/span><\/p>\n Endoplasmic Reticulum:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Also known as the ER, this membrane transports materials throughout the cell. Rough ER contains ribosomes to make proteins while, smooth ER makes fats, also called lipids.<\/span><\/p>\n Vesicles\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(small vessels): This organelle helps store and transport products produced by the cell. The vesicles are the transport and delivery vehicles like our mail and Canada Post trucks. Some vesicles deliver materials, to parts of the cell (<\/span>endocytosis<\/span><\/strong>), and others transport materials outside the cell (<\/span>exocytosis)<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Golgi Body or Complex or Apparatus:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Golgi body receives those vesicles. As proteins move throughout the Golgi body, they transform into forms that the cell can use. The Golgi complex is responsible for sorting and correctly shipping the proteins produced in the ER. Just like our postal packages, which should have a correct shipping address, the ER-produced proteins are correctly sent to their respective address. If the Golgi complex makes a mistake in shipping the proteins to the correct address, certain functions in the cell may stop. The Golgi body does this by folding the proteins into usable shapes or adding other materials into them, such as lipids or carbohydrates. Lipids from the ER move to the Golgi body. Then, it delivers them to the plasma membrane.<\/span><\/p>\n Vacuoles:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Vacuoles are sac-like structures that store different materials (like water).<\/span><\/p>\n Lysosomes:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>These cell organelles help the cell get rid of waste. Lysosomes take damaged or worn-out cell parts. They have enzymes that break down the cellular debris. They are the garbage collectors.<\/span><\/p>\n Mitochondria:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Mitochondria make energy. Some scientists call these organelles the powerhouses of the cell. During the cellular respiration process, the mitochondria make ATP molecules that provide the energy for all the cell’s activities. Cells that need more energy have more mitochondria, for example- your leg muscle cells, heart muscle cells\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Cytoskeleton<\/span><\/strong>: the cell maintains its shape through them. The cytoskeleton includes microfilaments (thread-like proteins) and microtubules<\/strong> (thin hollow tubes).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Centrioles<\/strong>: Centrioles are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. They are made of\u00a0microtubules. The centrioles are found in pairs and move towards the poles (opposite ends) of the nucleus when it is time for cell division. During division, you may also see groups of threads attached to the centrioles. Those threads are called the mitotic spindle. <\/strong>Centrioles\u00a0cannot be seen when the cell is not dividing.<\/p>\n Both plant and animal cells have all the above organelles, but plant cells hold additional other parts.<\/span><\/p>\n Plant cells have a rigid cell\u00a0<\/span>wall<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0surrounding the plasma membrane. This wall gives the cells their rectangular structure and helps plants stand upright without the need for an internal reinforcing structure, such as bones.<\/span><\/p>\n Chloroplasts<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0in plant cells generate energy through photosynthesis. The process takes sunlight and water and converts them into energy. Chloroplast is green in colour because of its green pigmentation; chlorophyll. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.<\/span><\/p>\n Plant cells also have a single, large\u00a0<\/span>vacuole<\/span><\/strong>. As we explained above, vacuoles store different materials such as water and sap. The vacuole increases and decreases in size depending on the amount stored in them. When plants lack water, the vacuole shrinks, making the cell cave in on itself and causing the plant to droop. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have smaller vacuoles, that are more numerous and have different functions.<\/span><\/p>\n Animal cells, as well as microorganisms, also have exterior protrusions that help them to move:<\/span><\/p>\n Cells have either cilia or flagella.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0Plant cells do not have cilia or flagella.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n We found this interactive cell viewer and game<\/a> that can be used to learn about the parts of cells.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/h6>\n
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Do All Cells Look the Same?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Types of cells<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Parts of the cell<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells<\/span><\/h3>\n
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The most significant differences between plant and animal cell organelles are the cell wall, vacuoles and chloroplasts.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
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Did you know?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n